Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China.
This review summarizes the recent advances in the chemical analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and its finished products, including the introduction of the identified bioactive components, analytical methods for quantitative determination of target analytes and fingerprinting authentication, quality criteria of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. crude herb and its preparations, as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.and its finished products. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.contains mainly two types of constituents, the hydrophilic depsides and lipophilic diterpenoidal quinones and both of them are responsible for the pharmacological activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.. In order to monitor simultaneously both types of components which have different physicochemical properties, numerous analytical methods have been reported using various chromatographic and spectrophotometric technologies. In this review, 110 papers on analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. are discussed, various analytical methods and their chromatographic conditions are briefly described and their advantages/disadvantages are compared. For obtaining a quick, accurate and applicable analytical approach for quality evaluation and establishing a harmonized criteria of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and its finished products, the authors' suggestion and opinions are given, including the reasonable selection of marker compounds with high concentration and commercial availability, a simple sample preparation procedure with high recoveries of both the hydrophilic phenols and lipophilic tanshinones, and an optimized chromatographic condition with ideal resolutions of all the target components. The chemical degradation and transformation of the predominant constituent salvianolic acid B in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. during processing and manufacturing are also emphasized in order to assure the quality consistency of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. containing products.
Components--Determination of fifteen bioactive components in Radixet Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection
Jun Cao, Ying-Jie Wei, Lian-Wen Qi, Ping Li *, Zheng-Ming Qian, Hou-Wei Luo, Jun Chen, Jing Zhao
Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education; Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
email: Ping Li (Liping2004@126.com)
*Correspondence to Ping Li, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
Funded by:
National Science Foundation of China; Grant Number: 30530870
Keywords
Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae • phenolic acids • diterpenoids • HPLC-UV • LC-ESI-TOF/MS • quality control
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method coupled with ultraviolet (UV) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS) was established for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of nine phenolic acids and six diterpenoids in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RRSM). The optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a Zorbax C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength at 281 nm was chosen to determine the 15 bioactive components, namely danshensu (1), protocatechuic acid (2), protocatechuic aldehyde (3), caffeic acid (4), rosmarinic acid (5), lithospermic acid (6), salvianolic acid B (7), salvianolic acid A (8), salvianolic acid C (9); dihydrotanshinone I (10), cryptotanshinone (11), tanshinone I (12), methylene tanshiqunone (13), tanshinone IIA (14) and miltirone (15). Additionally, LC-ESI-TOF/MS was used to make definite identification of the constituents in samples in comparison with those reference compounds. The validation of the method included tests of linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, stability and recovery. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the 15 components in 21 samples; significant variations were demonstrated in the contents of the samples from diverse species and origins. The developed method could be used to effectively and comprehensively evaluate the quality of RRSM for its clinical safety and efficacy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Components--Determine and compare the contents of trace elements in different parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
?Abstract?
Objective To determine and compare the contents of trace elements in different parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
Methods Trace elements in root, stem, leaf, and flower of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. were determined with inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The contents of trace elements in the different parts were analyzed and compared.
Results The content of magnesium in the root was highest, and the contents of copper and barium were higher. The contents of 16 trace elements in the stem all were lowest, comparing with the other three parts. Zn, Cr, B, and Sr existing in the leaf were very abundance, comparing with those in other three parts. Noteworthiness, the contents of Fe, Ni, and Ti in the flower were highest among four parts. In addition, the contents of Mn, V, Sn, Cd, Li, Pb in flower were all higher than those in the other three parts.
Conclusion Thinking over the trace element, the flower of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. maybe has some pharmaceutic function.
?Key words? Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.; root, stem, leaf, flower; trace element
One-step purification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B, and protocatechualdehyde from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. by isocratic stepwise hydrogen bond adsorption chromatography on cross-linked 12% agarose.
Gu M, Su ZG, Janson JC.
National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Box 353, Beijing, 100080, PR of China.
Three major active components of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B, and protocatechualdehyde, are separated and purified from a crude water extract in one step by isocratic hydrogen bond adsorption chromatography on cross-linked 12% agarose (Superose 12 HR 10/30). Separation is achieved by stepwise elution with mobile phases composed of mixtures of ethanol and acetic acid: 0-50 mL, 5% ethanol, 5% acetic acid; 50-100 mL, 20% ethanol, 20% acetic acid; and 100-200 mL, 30% ethanol, 30% acetic acid. The 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid is obtained with a purity of 97.3% and with a recovery of 88.1%. The corresponding figures for protocatechualdehyde are a purity of 99.4% with a recovery of 90.7%, and for salvianolic acid B a purity of 90.4% with a recovery of 50.3%, respectively. At a sample load of 40 mg crude extract dissolved in 0.5 mL mobile phase (corresponding to a load of 1.6 mg/mL gel), a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid purity of approximately 94% with a recovery of 80.2% is obtained.
One-step separation and purification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B and protocatechualdehyde from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
Gu M, Wang X, Su Z, Ouyang F.
National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China. rainbow_gm@yahoo.com
Three kinds of polyphenols of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B and protocatechualdehyde, were separated and purified in one step with solvent system n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-acetic acid-water (1:6:1.5:1.5:8) by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Acetic acid was successfully used to increase the partition of high polar target compounds in organic phase to modify partition coefficient value. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B and protocatechualdehyde were purified from 100mg water extracted crude sample of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. at purity of 97.6%, 94.2% and 98.2% and at yield of 98.6%, 73.6% and 90.2%. High-speed counter-current chromatography together with organic/aqueous solvent system supplied an efficient method to purify water-soluble compounds directly from crude samples of traditional Chinese medicines.